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स्पीति में कताई और बुनाई के महत्व
मैं जहां से संबंध रखता हूं वह हिम और पहाड़ों का स्थल है।मौसम साल भर ठंडा रहता है और शामें बहुत ठंडी होती हैं। स्पीति के लोग मोटे कपड़े जैसे हस्तनिर्मित ऊनी स्वेटर, मफलर, मोजे, टोपी और लंबे स्कार्फ पहनते हैं। हमारे घरों में, हम पहनने के लिए ऊनी कंबल का उपयोग करते हैं और हाथ से बुने हुए ग़लीचा और कालीनों को "फालदेन" कहते हैं, जिन्हें सजावट के साथ-साथ गर्म होने के कारण बेठने के लिए फर्श पर बिछाया जाता है। लोगों का प्राथमिक व्यवसाय कृषि है लेकिन कुछ महिलाओं के लिए स्वेटर बनाना और बुनाई आजीविका का एक महत्वपूर्ण साधन हैं।
ठंड के मौसम के कारण, बुनाई भी एक आवश्यक कौशल है।जिसे स्पीति में हर कोई सीखने की कोशिश करता है। ज्यादातर महिलाएं जब छोटी होती हैं तो बुनाई, कताई और बिनाई सीखती हैं और अपनी बेटियों को भी यही सिखाती हैं। जिन लोगों के पास नौकरी और खेती के लिए जमीन नहीं है, वे बुनाई को आजीविका का एक माद्यम बनाते हैं और इससे उन्हें इससे काफ़ी फायदा मिलता है।
When we stepped into the house, my uncle explained that the ground floor consists of a small cozy room for winter called Yokhang and a few cowsheds called Raah. There was a separate room for goats and sheep called
luk-raah. On the adjacent side, there was a big two-storey room called Dhaa to store the fodder for the livestock. When you follow the stairs leading to the first floor, there is a local dry toilet called Chaksa.
On the upper floor, there was a huge open courtyard called Thang-tsey. My uncle told me that during summer, some families used to sleep in the courtyard under the stars.
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There was another room called Tsom opposite Makhang where daily necessary edible items are kept. There was a separate prayer room called Chot-khang, guest room called Don-khang, and a chamber called Che-khang for keeping fuel like dry dung, wood, and dry twigs. Every house also has an open corral for livestock outside the house called Dhangra and this home had one too.
The traditional houses in Spiti are painted with whitewash - the white color of the house symbolizes the compassion of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshwara who is often depicted in white colors
The window frames are painted saffron with a wider black color. The saffron color symbolizes bodhisattva Manjushiri which stands for purity.
The houses are color-coordinated like that for auspicious purposes and to bring harmony to the home.
My uncle further explained about the ground foundation when we walked out of the house. Big stones were used in the foundation floors which were locally available. Rammed earth walls with mud and timber were used to construct the roof, the window frames, and the doors. The mud house is best for cold places like Spiti because mud houses are warm in winter and cold in summer. Mud can be used many times for construction and has a lifespan of over 100 years while cement houses cannot sustain that long.
लेखिका के बारे में:
पूर्निमा राय
पूर्निमा राय स्पीति के रंगरिक गांव की रहने वाली हैं। वह मुन्सलिंग स्कूल में पढ़ती है और दसवीं कक्षा की छात्रा है। उन्हें पढ़ना, चित्र बनाना, कहानियाँ, कविताएँ और गीत लिखना पसंद है। उसका पसंदीदा विषय सामाजिक अध्ययन है और वह बड़ी होकर भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवाए (आइ ए एस) में अपनी सेवा देना चाहती हैं ।
Why Development?
Julley and Tashi Delek.
I am Khando, a local resident of Spiti Valley. I once read a quote “change is a law of nature” and it made me think a lot. While thinking and planning to write about architectural changes in my hometown, I kept reflecting on it and it made me want to share my thoughts. Since my childhood, I have witnessed a lot of ancient traditional houses renovated into modern houses and I always felt upset seeing beautiful Spitian mud houses being replaced. It is interesting to think about the merits and demerits of architectural changes and the reasons compelling it in Spiti. When I go to the market and see new cement buildings getting constructed, it makes me miss my childhood days and my grandmother’s house which is a simple, beautiful mud house with rooms for our cows.
It had a big flat roof where we play and sit under the sun during winter. The hay for our goats is also kept there in one corner and the other fodder stock for winter is kept in a storeroom called Dhaa which has a small window for ventilation. Since the ventilation known as Numhar was built on the roof, we keep it open the whole day and during the night, cover it with a piece of cloth to prevent cold wind.
Houses like this built during my grandmother’s time are made of mud and wood and one special thing about those houses is that it keeps cool during summer and warm during winter. Building houses during those times was not a big task, it was more like a gathering of relatives, and villagers to help each other. Everyone works with so much passion, enthusiasm, and fun as if it is their own house they are building.
Gradually things changed around me and now houses are constructed from inorganic materials like cement and a lot of metal pillars. Building a house has become very expensive and a huge task nowadays. Our relatives and villagers no longer build houses together and it is now designed and constructed by laborers and architects from different states who travel from very far to reach Spiti.
I am not against development as we have to rise and be part of development changes around the world but why change? Why not improve? Improvements can be made to ancient traditional houses according to our desire and needs. Spiti houses now have western toilets, cement flooring, and smooth tiles but it is not healthy. Western toilets waste a lot of water and it is scarce. Living in cement houses gives joint pains, and back aches and I have seen my many relatives suffering from it. I hope people appreciate the old style and can adopt it in new design.
लेखिका के बारे में:
पूर्निमा राय
पूर्निमा राय स्पीति के रंगरिक गांव की रहने वाली हैं। वह मुन्सलिंग स्कूल में पढ़ती है और दसवीं कक्षा की छात्रा है। उन्हें पढ़ना, चित्र बनाना, कहानियाँ, कविताएँ और गीत लिखना पसंद है। उसका पसंदीदा विषय सामाजिक अध्ययन है और वह बड़ी होकर भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवाए (आइ ए एस) में अपनी सेवा देना चाहती हैं ।